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This useful diagram is from the Cottonwood Post.  Rates of warming during mass extinction events – supporting data The source of the graphic is: https://thecottonwoodpost.net/2019/12/10/modern-climate-change-is-10x-faster-than-historic-global-warming-mass-extinction-events/ Data about warming rates: End-Permian ("Permian-Triassic"): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event The extinction occurred between 251.941 ± 0.037 and 251.880 ± 0.031 million years ago, a duration of 60 ± 48 thousand years End Triassic ("Triassic-Jurassic"): https://eos.org/articles/how-modern-emissions-compare-to-ancient-extinction-level-events "Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP)... Pulses of volcanic activity, each lasting a few hundred to a few thousand years, released huge quantities of greenhouse gases.. a single pulse of activity—the eruption of 100,000 cubic kilometers of magma over some 500 years. The entire CAMP event would have released roughly 100,000 gigatons of carbon dioxide—enough to warm the world by 10°C to 15°C" Re the Triassic-Jurrassic, the reference the Cottonwood Post uses can be traced back to Blackburn et al (2013): “Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Links the End-Triassic Extinction with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province” https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1234204 which can be downloaded from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236071157_Zircon_U-Pb_Geochronology_Links_the_End-Triassic_Extinction_with_the_Central_Atlantic_Magmatic_Province Paleocene-Eocene: From: https://www.britannica.com/science/Paleocene-Eocene-Thermal-Maximum "The onset of the PETM was rapid, occurring within a few thousand years,... Sea surface and continental air temperatures increased by more than 5 °C (9 °F) during the transition into the PETM" Also, re the PETM, the Cottonwood Post references Gingerich (2019): https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2018PA003379 and Zeebe (2016): "Anthropogenic carbon release rate unprecedented during the past 66 million years": https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/ZeebeEtAl-NGS16SI.pdf
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